Which document guarantees that homes cannot be searched without reason?

The Bill of Rights is the correct answer because it is the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution that specifically protect individual liberties and rights from government infringement. One of the most significant amendments, the Fourth Amendment, states that citizens are to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, and it establishes that warrants may only be issued based on probable cause. This provision directly guarantees that homes cannot be searched without sufficient reason or legal justification.

The other documents listed, while historically significant, do not contain specific protections against unreasonable searches. The Declaration of Independence primarily focuses on the principles of individual rights and the grievances against the British Crown, without detailing legal protections related to search and seizure. The Articles of Confederation created a framework for a national government but lacked a Bill of Rights or specific amendments aimed at protecting individual freedoms. The Texas Constitution, while it may also provide certain protections at the state level, does not have the same foundational significance in relation to the Fourth Amendment as presented in the Bill of Rights.