Which powers are provided to the states by the last two amendments of the Bill of Rights?

The last two amendments of the Bill of Rights, specifically the Ninth and Tenth Amendments, emphasize the principles of federalism and the distribution of power. The Ninth Amendment states that the enumeration of certain rights in the Constitution does not mean that people do not have other rights beyond those listed. It implies that individuals retain additional rights that are not explicitly mentioned.

The Tenth Amendment further reinforces this by asserting that powers not delegated to the federal government nor prohibited to the states are reserved to the states or the people. This ensures that any powers not specifically granted to the federal government remain under state control, thus recognizing the states’ authority and sovereignty.

These amendments collectively underline the idea that state governments hold powers, rights, and responsibilities that are not expressly outlined in the Constitution, allowing for a broader interpretation of states' rights. This is why the correct answer highlights powers that are not assigned to the national government, as they ensure a balance between federal and state authority and encourage flexibility in governance at the state level.